Example 2.  Use Newton's method and Steffensen's acceleration method to find numerical approximations to the multiple root  [Graphics:Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_58.gif]  of the function  [Graphics:Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_59.gif].  
Show details of the computations for the starting value  [Graphics:Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_60.gif].  Compare the number of iterations for the two methods.

Solution 2.

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_61.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_62.gif]

Graph the function.

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_63.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_64.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_65.gif]

Starting with  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_66.gif], use the Newton-Raphson method to find a numerical approximation to the root.

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_67.gif]



[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_68.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_69.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_70.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_71.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_72.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_73.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_74.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_75.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_76.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_77.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_78.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_79.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_80.gif]

We can use Mathematica's Solve procedure to determine some of the roots.

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_81.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_82.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_83.gif]

For Newton's method, how far away is the ninth iteration  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_84.gif]  from the root  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_85.gif] ?
Note. The last iteration is actually stored in  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_86.gif].

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_87.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_88.gif]

Starting with  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_89.gif], use Steffensen's acceleration method to find a numerical approximation to the root.

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_90.gif]



[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_91.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_92.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_93.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_94.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_95.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_96.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_97.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_98.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_99.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_100.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_101.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_102.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_103.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_104.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_105.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_106.gif]


For Steffensen's acceleration method, how far away is the ninth iteration from the root  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_107.gif] ?
Note. The last iteration is actually stored in  [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_108.gif].

[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_109.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_110.gif]

This is closer than   [Graphics:../Images/AitkenSteffensenMod_gr_111.gif]  which was obtained with Newton's method.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c) John H. Mathews 2004